/**
* A thread is a thread of execution in a program. The Java
* Virtual Machine allows an application to have multiple threads of
* execution running concurrently.
*
* Every thread has a priority. Threads with higher priority are
* executed in preference to threads with lower priority. Each thread
* may or may not also be marked as a daemon. When code running in
* some thread creates a new Thread object, the new
* thread has its priority initially set equal to the priority of the
* creating thread, and is a daemon thread if and only if the
* creating thread is a daemon.
*
* When a Java Virtual Machine starts up, there is usually a single
* non-daemon thread (which typically calls the method named
* main of some designated class). The Java Virtual
* Machine continues to execute threads until either of the following
* occurs:
*
* - The
exit method of class Runtime has been
* called and the security manager has permitted the exit operation
* to take place.
* - All threads that are not daemon threads have died, either by
* returning from the call to the
run method or by
* throwing an exception that propagates beyond the run
* method.
*
*
* There are two ways to create a new thread of execution. One is to
* declare a class to be a subclass of Thread. This
* subclass should override the run method of class
* Thread. An instance of the subclass can then be
* allocated and started. For example, a thread that computes primes
* larger than a stated value could be written as follows:
*
* class PrimeThread extends Thread {
* long minPrime;
* PrimeThread(long minPrime) {
* this.minPrime = minPrime;
* }
*
* public void run() {
* // compute primes larger than minPrime
* . . .
* }
* }
*
*
* The following code would then create a thread and start it running:
*
* PrimeThread p = new PrimeThread(143);
* p.start();
*
*
* The other way to create a thread is to declare a class that
* implements the Runnable interface. That class then
* implements the run method. An instance of the class can
* then be allocated, passed as an argument when creating
* Thread, and started. The same example in this other
* style looks like the following:
*
* class PrimeRun implements Runnable {
* long minPrime;
* PrimeRun(long minPrime) {
* this.minPrime = minPrime;
* }
*
* public void run() {
* // compute primes larger than minPrime
* . . .
* }
* }
*
*
* The following code would then create a thread and start it running:
*
* PrimeRun p = new PrimeRun(143);
* new Thread(p).start();
*
*
* Every thread has a name for identification purposes. More than
* one thread may have the same name. If a name is not specified when
* a thread is created, a new name is generated for it.
*
* Unless otherwise noted, passing a {@code null} argument to a constructor
* or method in this class will cause a {@link NullPointerException} to be
* thrown.
*
* @author unascribed
* @see Runnable
* @see Runtime#exit(int)
* @see #run()
* @see #stop()
* @since JDK1.0
*/
publicclass Thread implements Runnable {
/**
* Initializes a Thread.
*
* @param g the Thread group
* @param target the object whose run() method gets called
* @param name the name of the new Thread
* @param stackSize the desired stack size for the new thread, or
* zero to indicate that this parameter is to be ignored.
* @param acc the AccessControlContext to inherit, or
* AccessController.getContext() if null
*/
private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,
long stackSize, AccessControlContext acc) {
if (name == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null");
}
this.name = name; //当前线程作为该线程的父线程
Thread parent = currentThread();
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager(); //线程组的获取：如果传入的参数为空首先获取系统默认的安全组，如果为空获取父线程的安全组
if (g == null) {
/* Determine if it's an applet or not */
/* If there is a security manager, ask the security manager
what to do. */
if (security != null) {
g = security.getThreadGroup();
} /* If the security doesn't have a strong opinion of the matter
use the parent thread group. */
if (g == null) {
g = parent.getThreadGroup();
}
} /* checkAccess regardless of whether or not threadgroup is
explicitly passed in. */
g.checkAccess(); /*
* Do we have the required permissions?
*/
if (security != null) { if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {
security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);
}
}
g.addUnstarted();
this.group = g; //设置daemon 、priority 属性为父线程对应的值
this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();
this.priority = parent.getPriority();
if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))
this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();
else
this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader;
this.inheritedAccessControlContext =
acc != null ? acc : AccessController.getContext();
this.target = target;
setPriority(priority); //将父线程的InheritableThreadLocal复制过来
if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)
this.inheritableThreadLocals =
ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
/* Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares */
this.stackSize = stackSize; /* Set thread ID */
//生成线程id（一个long型的字段threadSeqNumber）
tid = nextThreadID();
}//方法1通过继承Thread实现class MyThread extends Thread{
//需要实现的方法，该方法执行具体的业务逻辑
@Override public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+" @@@@ MyThread。run（）我是通过继承Thread实现的多线程");
}
}//方法2通过实现runnable接口
//实现Runnable接口，并重写该接口的run()方法，该run()方法同样是线程执行体，创建Runnable实现类的实例，
//并以此实例作为Thread类的target来创建Thread对象，该Thread对象才是真正的线程对象。class MyRunnable implements Runnable{
@Override public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+
" @@@@ MyRunnable。run（）我是通过实现Runnable接口实现的多线程");
}
}//方法3通过Executor框架实现class MyCallable implements Callable{
//需要实现call方法而不是run方法
@Override public Integer call() throws Exception { return 100;
}
} /**
* Causes this thread to begin execution; the Java Virtual Machine
* calls the run method of this thread.
*
* The result is that two threads are running concurrently: the
* current thread (which returns from the call to the
* start method) and the other thread (which executes its
* run method).
*
* It is never legal to start a thread more than once.
* In particular, a thread may not be restarted once it has completed
* execution.
*
* @exception IllegalThreadStateException if the thread was already
* started.
* @see #run()
* @see #stop()
*/
public synchronized void start() {
/**
* This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
* group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
* to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
*
* A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
*/ if (threadStatus != 0)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
/* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
* so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
* and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
group.add(this); boolean started = false; try {
start0();
started = true;
} finally { try { if (!started) {
group.threadStartFailed(this);
}
} catch (Throwable ignore) {
/* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
it will be passed up the call stack */
}
}
}
private native void start0();
public class TestCreateThread { public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread myThread = new MyThread();
myThread.setName("myThread");
myThread.start();
Runnable myRunnable = new MyRunnable();
Thread myRunnableThread = new Thread(myRunnable);
myRunnableThread.setName("myRunnableThread");
myRunnableThread.start();
Thread myRunnableThread2 = new MyThread(myRunnable);
myRunnableThread2.setName("myRunnableThread2");
myRunnableThread2.start(); //执行结果参考如下：
//myThread @@@@ MyThread。run（）我是通过继承Thread实现的多线程
//myRunnableThread2 @@@@ MyThread。run（）我是通过继承Thread实现的多线程
//myRunnableThread @@@@ MyRunnable。run（）我是通过实现Runnable接口实现的多线程
//测试callable方法
// 创建MyCallable对象
Callable myCallable = new MyCallable();
//使用FutureTask来包装MyCallable对象
FutureTask ft = new FutureTask(myCallable);
//FutureTask对象作为Thread对象的target创建新的线程
Thread thread = new Thread(ft);
thread.start();//启用
//获取信息
try { //取得新创建的新线程中的call()方法返回的结果
//当子线程此方法还未执行完毕，ft.get()方法会一直阻塞，
//直到call()方法执行完毕才能取到返回值。
int sum = ft.get();
System.out.println("sum = " + sum);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} //使用ExecutorService处理多线程
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
Future f = pool.submit(myCallable);
// 关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
try { int sum1 = f.get();
System.out.println("sum1 = " + sum1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} //如果该线程是使用独立的 Runnable 运行对象构造的，则调用该 Runnable 对象的 run 方法；
//否则，该方法不执行任何操作并返回。
//Thread 的子类应该重写该方法。
/**
* If this thread was constructed using a separate
* Runnable run object, then that
* Runnable object's run method is called;
* otherwise, this method does nothing and returns.
*
* Subclasses of Thread should override this method.
*
* @see #start()
* @see #stop()
* @see #Thread(ThreadGroup, Runnable, String)
*/
@Override
public void run() { if (target != null) {
target.run();
}
}
}